Substation Monitoring System; Safe, Reliable, and Economical Operation of the Distribution Grids

 

Substation monitoring system is used to monitor and control distributed power generation remotely. Substation monitoring is important to ensure consistent power supply to end-users. There are different monitoring methods, including both wired and wireless technologies. Wireless technologies include Ethernet, GSM, GPRS, and more. Substation monitoring system consist of various equipment such as APFC panels, relays, transformer, circuit breaker, etc. The system monitors specified parameters such as power factor, temperature, current, voltage, frequency, etc.

 

Substation monitoring system refers to the set of equipment that are used to receive, process, and exhibit signals of interest to be monitored and alarms created to be sent to a central location. Substation monitoring can be either passive or active. The passive system monitors the status of the various appliances or devices from a remote location and if a problem occurs, the alarm is generated at the central station instead of at the locations where the devices are controlled. Whereas, the active monitoring system is used to generate an alarm if the temperature rises or if there is a power failure at the central location.

Substation monitoring system helps in the detection of a wide range of faults and alarms are generated at various locations as and when required to deal with faults quickly. One of the major advantages of using substation monitoring is the cost factor involved. As these systems are able to process and display more than one data source at a time, they are less expensive than systems that require operators to physically access each appliance individually. For example, when a fault is detected at the gate, it alerts the control room that an important device at a particular location is not operating normally and the necessary repairs or replacements can be initiated before damage occurs.

The development and implementation of substation monitoring system is for safe, reliable, and economical operation of the distribution grids. With the increasing demand for the reduction in distribution and transmission losses, the demand for substation monitoring system is also increasing. For instance, in January 2021, the government of Mexico planned to modernize the Buen Tono high voltage electric substation that supplies power to the capital’s metro lines, following a fire that shut down the first six lines of the subway network over the weekend.

Here’s Everything You Need to know about Air Volume Controllers

 

Air volume controllers are used for airflow adjustment, indoor climate processing, and shut-off. Air volume controllers are used in healthcare, industries, hotels, shops, nurseries, offices, schools, and other premises. There are two types of air volume controllers such as variable air volume controller (VAV) and constant air volume controller (CAV). VAV supply variable air flow at a constant temperature, while CAV supplies constant air flow at variable temperatures. The VAV controllers have more advantages than the CAV controllers, such as increased dehumidification, lower energy consumption, lower compressor wear, precise temperature control, and less fan noise. Variable air volume controllers are one of the most energy-efficient air systems available for comfortable air conditioning.

 

Moreover, there are two types of constant air volume controllers such as single-zone and multi-zone. Single-zone CAV controllers are used in museums, auditoriums, and theaters, while multi-zone CAV controllers are used to provide variable air temperatures for individual zones. Variable air volume controller is recommended for multi-zone systems. Multi-zone controllers have VAV boxes that control the airflow assigned to individual zones. VAV systems are widely used in offices, malls, hotels, etc. where there are many zones with variable loads.

Moreover, there is a growing demand for air volume controllers due to increasing usage in various applications such as industrial, residential, and commercial buildings, especially in the United States, the United Kingdom, Italy, etc. VAV controllers protect employees from potentially dangerous fumes and substances. Furthermore, the VAV controller helps reduce the volume of air taken from the fume cupboard when it is not being used, reducing energy usage by up to 85%, considerably reducing energy wastage, costs, and ensuring reductions in carbon emissions. A number of industries use air volume controllers mainly because of their various advantages over other cooling and heating devices.